Single Point Cutting Tool: Definition, Types, Geometry, Nomenclature, Angle, PDF

In this article, we are going to study the Definition, Types, Geometry, and Angle Nomenclature of Single Point cutting tool. This is a tool that helps to perform several operations (like Turning, Facing, and Producing Flat surfaces) on Lathe and Wood lathe, Shaper, and Planer machines.

Video By Dizzengineering

Single Point Cutting Tool Definition

The single point cutting tool consists of a sharpened cutting part called its point and the shank. The point of the tool is bounded by the face (along which the chips slide as they are cut by the tool), the side flank or major flank the end flank or minor flank, and the base. As we know we perform several operations on the lathe (like turning and facing)  from the single-point cutting tool.

Single point cutting tool
Single-point cutting tool

Design and fabrication are very easy for this tool. This tool can be made at a very cheap rate as compared to others.

Read More: Single Point Cutting Tool Vs Multi Point Cutting Tool

Single Point Cutting Tool Types

There are only two types of tools

Single Point cutting tool

  • One cutting point or tip is available
  • Example: Lathe Machine, Planning Machine tool

Multi-Point cutting tool

Single Point Cutting tool

Single Point Cutting Tool Material

This tool can be made from several materials which are as follows

  • High carbon steel
  • High-speed steel
  • Ceramics
  • Cerements
  • Diamonds
  • Ucon
  • Cemented carbide
  • CBN (Cubic boron nitrite)
Single Point cutting tool materials
Photo By Monoghan Tooling

Single Point Cutting Tool Geometry / Nomenclature

  • Shank
  • Flank
  • Face
  • Heel
  • Nose
  • Nose radius
  • Cutting Edges

(Refer the video above to get a better understanding)

Angles

  • Side Cutting edge angle
  • End cutting-edge angle
  • Side relief angle
  • End relief angle
  • Back Rack angle
  • Side rack angle

Here you can see in this diagram

single point cutting tool diagram
single-point cutting tool

Shank

This is the main body of the tool. The shank is used to hold the tool (i.e. tool holder).

Flank

The surface or surface below and adjacent to the cutting edge is called the flank of the tool.

Face

The surface on which the chips slide is called the face of the tool.

Heel

It is the intersection of the flan and the base of the tool. It is a curved portion at the bottom of the tool.

Nose

It is the point where the side cutting edge and end cutting edge intersect.

Noise radius

The nose radius will provide long life and also a good surface finish with it a sharp point on the nose.

Cutting edge

It is the edge on the face of the tool which removes the material from the workpiece. The tool cutting edge consists of a side cutting edge (major cutting edge), an end cutting edge (minor cutting edge, and the nose).

single point cutting tool

Angle

Side cutting-edge angle

This angle also is known as the lead angle. This is the angle between the side cutting edge and the side of the tool shank.

End cutting-edge angle

This is the angle between the end cutting edge and a line normal to the tool shank.

Side relief angle

It is the angle between the portion of the side flank immediately below the side cutting edge and a line perpendicular to the base of the tool and measured at the right angle to the end flank.

End relief angle

It is the angle between the portion of the end flank immediately below the end cutting edge and a line perpendicular to the base of the tool and measured at the right angle to the end flank.

single point cutting tool Angles

Back rack angle

It is the angle between the tool face and a line parallel to the base of the tool and measured in a plane perpendicular through the side cutting edge. The back rack angle is positive if the side cutting edge slopes downwards from the point towards the shank and The back rack angle is negative if the slope of is side cutting edge is reversed.

Side rack angle

It is the angle between the tool face and a line parallel to the base of the tool and measured in a plane perpendicular to the base and the side cutting edge. This angle gives the slope of the face of the tool from the cutting edge. The side rack angle is negative if the slope is toward the cutting edge. The side rack angle is positive if the slope is away from the cutting edge.

Single Point Cutting Tool Advantages

  • Versatility: Single-point cutting tools can be used on a wide range of materials, including metal, wood, and plastic.
  • Precision: It can produce very precise cuts, making them ideal for applications where accuracy is critical.
  • Reduced Tool Wear: Because only a single point is in contact with the workpiece, there is less wear and tear on the cutting tool, reducing the need for frequent replacement.
  • Ease of Sharpening: They are relatively easy to sharpen, allowing for quick and efficient maintenance.
  • Lower Cost: Compared to other cutting tools, single point cutting tools are often more affordable, making them a cost-effective choice for many applications.
  • Improved Surface Finish: It can produce a smooth surface finish on the workpiece, reducing the need for additional finishing processes.
  • Reduced Cutting Forces: Single point cutting tools typically require less cutting force than other cutting tools, resulting in less stress on the workpiece and the cutting tool itself.
  • Increased Productivity: They can often cut more quickly than other cutting tools, reducing production time and increasing productivity.

Single Point Cutting Tool Disadvantages

  • There is having low tool wear rate.
  • Shorter tool life.
  • Low metal removal rate.
  • Low productive.

Single Point Cutting Tool Application

  • This tool is used in several machines for producing flat surfaces
  • Lathe machine
  • Turning: They are commonly used in turning operations, where a workpiece is rotated and the cutting tool removes material to create a cylindrical shape.
  • Facing: It can also be used for facing operations, where the cutting tool removes material from the end of a workpiece to create a flat surface.
  • Boring: Single point cutting tools can be used for boring operations, where the cutting tool removes material from the inside of a workpiece to create a hole of a specific diameter.
  • Parting: Single-point cutting tools can also be used for parting operations, where the cutting tool separates a workpiece into two pieces by cutting through the material.
  • Threading: It can be used for threading operations, where the cutting tool creates threads on the surface of a workpiece.
  • Grooving: Single-point cutting tools can be used for grooving operations, where the cutting tool creates a groove or channel on the surface of a workpiece.
  • Chamfering: Single-point cutting tools can be used for chamfering operations, where the cutting tool creates a beveled edge on the surface of a workpiece.
  • Knurling: these tools can be used for knurling operations, where the cutting tool creates a pattern of small ridges on the surface of a workpiece to improve grip.
Single Point Cutting Tool Application

FAQ

What Is Single Point, Cutting Tool?

It is a tool that is used in production machines like Lathe Machines, Shaper Machines, Planer machines, and so on.

Is Drill Bit Single Point A Tool?

No. It is a different one. Drill bit tool used in the drilling machine.

Single Point Cutting Tool For Drilling

A single-point cutting tool is used in drilling machines to create holes in materials. It has a cylindrical shank, a neck, and a cutting edge that is designed to remove material in a circular motion. Different cutting-edge geometries, such as the twist drill, center drill, and spot drill, are used depending on the material being drilled and the desired hole size and shape.

Single Point Cutting Tool For Drawing

A single-point cutting tool is used in drawing to remove material from a metal rod or wire and create a specific shape or profile. The cutting edge is ground to a specific geometry based on the material and desired outcome. Proper maintenance is crucial for optimal cutting performance.

What Is The Price Of Single Point Cutting Tool?

The price of a single point cutting tool can vary greatly depending on several factors such as the type of tool, material, and manufacturer. For example, a basic HSS (High-Speed Steel) twist drill bit can cost anywhere from $1 to $10, while a high-end solid carbide end mill can cost anywhere from $30 to $300 or more. The price for a tungsten carbide insert for turning operations can range from $5 to $50.

What Is The Nomenclature Of The Single Point Tool?

    1. Shank
    2. Flank
    3. Face
    4. Heel
    5. Nose
    6. Nose radius
    7. Cutting Edges

    Is This Tool Performed In Milling Machine?

    No. Here Multiple cutting tools are used.

    On Which Machine Single Point Cutting Tool Is Used?

    The machines like Lathes, Shapers, Planer, and Slotter have this tool.

    single point cutting tool

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, single-point cutting tools are used in machining to remove material from a workpiece. These tools come in various types and geometries, each designed for specific cutting operations. The nomenclature and angles of the tool are important in determining its capabilities and how it is used. Understanding the characteristics of different types of cutting tools is crucial in selecting the appropriate tool for the machining process, ensuring efficient and accurate material removal.

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